tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77596945067617852672023-11-15T09:37:58.180-08:00AcortenaaldeiaAcortenaaldeia is Literary Education Books and Journals Reviews for All StudentMac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comBlogger21125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-44616500224734976892019-11-12T08:29:00.000-08:002019-11-12T08:29:06.343-08:00Understanding the Factors of Human Needs<b>Understanding the Factors of Human Needs</b><br />
Human Needs Factors - Understanding, Influencing, Kinds, Income, Technology, Satisfaction Tools: When one need is met, another need will emerge. Things like this why is that ?? because the nature of human needs is unlimited. Basically, humans are never satisfied.<br />
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Unlimited Needs<br />
Understanding Human Needs<br />
As humans we certainly have needs, if one need has been met, other needs will arise. Things like this why is that ?? because the nature of human needs is unlimited. Basically, humans are never satisfied.<br />
This concept has already been explained by classical school thinkers like Adam Smith. According to him, every economic activity of the community is driven by the principles of putting one's own interests (needs) first.<br />
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Factors That Influence Human Needs<br />
For the needs of humans themselves continue to increase and change due to various factors, including:<br />
Age factor<br />
Surely you still remember what you need when you were a baby. When new born our main needs are milk and baby diapers. At the age of four months we already need mashed foods such as porridge. A few months later we have eaten more varied foods. After entering school age, you need formal education. Starting from elementary, middle and high school.<br />
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During school your needs also increase, such as:<br />
Stationery<br />
Textbooks<br />
Transportation<br />
Etc<br />
Likewise, when you get married and have a family, your needs continue to grow. This shows the type or number of needs always increases with age.<br />
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Education Factors<br />
Human needs also develop along with the level of education. When you sit in elementary school. Your needs are certainly not as much as when you sit in the middle school bengku. For example for school supplies, when in elementary school you need not as much as in junior high. When in high school like now, you need more books. That's only in terms of school equipment.<br />
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Technological Factors<br />
Technological developments also affect needs. Now you are used to seeing people talking by telephone while traveling. This is a result of the development of mobile technology which produces mobile phones. By having a cellphone, people are easier to communicate, more stylish and not considered not to understand technology.<br />
People also feel that the cellphone is a necessity that is no less important than food or clothing, so it is not uncommon to see people who always switch cell phones to keep up with the development of the technology.<br />
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Revenue Factor<br />
Try to pay attention to the people who are around where we are, of course, can distinguish between those who have high incomes and those who have low incomes. Are their needs different ?? Take a look at why your neighbor uses a car while traveling while some only pedal their bikes.<br />
Thus proving that the high and low income greatly influences the needs. Maybe your neighbor is only pedaling the bicycle and will later change the motorcycle when the income increases.<br />
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Population Factor<br />
The need will be greater along with population growth. This is certainly easy for you to understand. And pay attention to your family, each family member must have their own needs. for example you need food for three times a day, three pairs of uniforms, two pairs of shoes and so on. This is the greater the number of family members, the greater the variety of needs.<br />
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Likewise in a broader scope such as the state, you can see from the size of the state budget (APBN) which continues to increase along with the increase in population.<br />
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Ad Factor Or Product Promotion<br />
In modern life, human needs are also heavily influenced by the development of new products and product promotion through various mass media. For example, often we buy a product just because the product advertisement often appears on television. Advertising is designed to influence consumers' perceptions that the product fits the needs of potential customers.<br />
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Human Needs<br />
Kind - Kind of Human Needs<br />
The Following Are Various Kinds Of Human Needs.<br />
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Needs According to Intensity of Use<br />
Needs according to intensity (level) of use are measured by priority or measure the level of importance of a need. Kinds of needs according to their intensity are:<br />
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Primary needs<br />
Primary needs are the main needs that must be met to maintain human survival in a reasonable manner. According to the ILO (International Labor Organization) that primary needs are minimal physical needs of the community, related to the adequacy of basic needs of each community, both rich and poor. These basic needs include adequate food and nutrition, clothing, housing, education, health services and other supporting facilities such as transportation, drinking water supplies, a sense of security, and so on.<br />
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Secondary need<br />
Secondary needs are needs that are complementary to primary needs and these needs are only met after the primary needs are met. This need does not mean that it is not important, because as a civilized human being, people who live in a community really need a variety of other things that are broader and perfect, both regarding the quality, quantity, and type. Examples of secondary needs include television, refrigerators, motorbikes, and other needs that support primary needs.<br />
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Tertiary Needs<br />
Tertiary needs arise after primary and secondary needs are met. In general, this tertiary need is called luxury, because the fulfillment of its needs is aimed at luxury goods that are only done by high-income people. For example diamond jewelry, luxury homes, luxury cars, and others.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-80661436486415309382019-11-12T08:28:00.002-08:002019-11-12T08:28:23.949-08:00Needs According to Time of Fulfillment<b>Needs According to Time of Fulfillment</b><br />
Distribution of needs on the basis of fulfillment time is divided into:<br />
Needs Now<br />
Current needs are needs that must be met now and cannot be delayed so that humans do not get into trouble. For example: medicine for the sick, drinking water for people who are thirsty, clothes for school, and so on. Another example of a safe and stable state is a need now, so that the Indonesian people can develop this country.<br />
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Needs to Come<br />
The need to come is a need that can be met tomorrow. If these needs are not met, it will not be fatal to one's survival. For example, savings. Someone who saves, means he meets the needs to come.<br />
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Unexpected Needs<br />
This need arises if something happens unexpectedly, which is incidental. For example, people who suddenly get sick will need medication or see a doctor.<br />
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All-Time Needs<br />
This need happens all the time and there are no limits. For example, learning to study.<br />
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Needs according to their nature<br />
According to their shape and nature, human needs are divided into:<br />
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Physical Needs<br />
Physical needs are needs that are naturally felt by human physical or physical. These needs cover all material needs such as the need for food, clothing, sports, home, and others.<br />
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Spiritual Needs<br />
Spiritual needs are those that have the need of spiritual satisfaction. This need is not apparent. Only the person concerned feels directly.<br />
If this need is fulfilled, humans feel their inner needs are satisfied and they will feel proud, happy, happy or happy. For example, get love, entertainment, recreation, worship, and others.<br />
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Needs According to Subjects in Need<br />
The division of needs according to the subject of need, divided into:<br />
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Individual Needs<br />
Individual needs are needs that are useful for the fulfillment of personal satisfaction (individuals). For example, as a student your personal needs include uniforms, shoes, books, pencils, and others.<br />
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Social Needs<br />
Social needs are needs that, if fulfilled, are beneficial to the interests of many people (collectively). These needs are related to togetherness, welfare, order, comfort, prosperity, and so on. For example, highways, public telephones, places of worship, hospitals, and others.<br />
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Satisfying Human Needs<br />
Here Is A Tool To Satisfy Human Needs.<br />
In terms of how to get it<br />
Economic goods<br />
Economic goods are goods that satisfy the needs that need to obtain a certain amount of sacrifice which is usually in the form of money. For example, to get food we have to spend some money. The money is a sacrifice.<br />
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Free goods<br />
Free goods are goods that satisfy the needs that are almost unlimited so that to obtain them we do not need sacrifice and can take it for granted in nature. For example, air to breathe, sand in the desert, and ice at the poles.<br />
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Illith goods<br />
Illith goods are goods that are needed but if these goods exceed the required items it will be harmful and dangerous. For example, water and fire.<br />
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In Terms of Use<br />
Consumer goods<br />
Consumer goods are ready-made goods because the benefits can be taken immediately. For example, food, drinks and clothing.<br />
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Production goods<br />
Production goods are goods that are useful for producing other goods. Production goods is another term for capital goods. For example, sewing machines and radios.<br />
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In Terms of Relationship with Other Goods<br />
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Completely Legal (Advocate)<br />
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Substitution Goods<br />
Substitution goods are goods that fulfill needs, whose function can replace other goods or can replace each other. For example, gas can replace kerosene as fuel.<br />
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Complementary Goods<br />
Complementary goods are goods that satisfy needs that will be useful if used together with other objects. For example, cars with gasoline, needles with threads, and stoves with kerosene.<br />
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In Terms of the Making Process<br />
Raw Goods (raw materials)<br />
Raw goods are the basic ingredients for making other goods. This item has not yet undergone any processing. For example, cotton, wood and mining products.<br />
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Half-cooked<br />
Semi-finished goods are goods that have been processed, but cannot be used to fulfill needs because they have not become final products. For example, cloth for making clothes, iron for making knives, and flour for making cakes.<br />
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Finished goods<br />
Finished goods are final products that have been processed from raw materials into semi-finished materials to become ready-made goods to meet human needs.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-50546316881128135272019-11-12T08:23:00.002-08:002019-11-12T08:23:54.264-08:00Grouping of Business Activities<b>Grouping of Business Activities</b><br />
Businesses are of various types, and, as a result, businesses can be grouped in different ways.<br />
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Manufacture<br />
is a business that manufactures products that are derived from compound or raw banhan, then sold for profit. For Example: Manufacturing is a company that produces physical goods such as cars.<br />
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Business services<br />
is a business that produces intangible goods, and profit by charging for the services they provide.<br />
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Retailers and distributors<br />
is a party that acts as an intermediary between producers and consumers.<br />
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Mining and agriculture business<br />
is a business that produces raw goods, such as plants or minerals.<br />
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Financial business<br />
is a business that benefits from investment and capital management.<br />
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Business Information<br />
is a business that benefits primarily from the resale of intellectual property.<br />
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The utility<br />
is a business that runs public services, such as electricity and water, and is usually funded by the government.<br />
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Real estate business<br />
is a business that makes a profit by selling, renting and developing property, houses and buildings.<br />
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Bus transportation<br />
business profits by providing goods or individuals from other locations.<br />
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Business Characteristics<br />
In the world of economy, business has the following characteristics:<br />
Social and economic institutions or institutions or organizations<br />
Associated with a variety of goods and services that meet human needs.<br />
Looking for profit, profit or profit.<br />
Determine the appropriate price<br />
There will be a possibility of loss<br />
There are three important things in business, namely: producing goods and services, looking for profit, and maximizing consumer needs.<br />
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Types of Activities of a Business<br />
Business activities as an organization, can consist of:<br />
Production: creation of goods and services.<br />
Finance: activities to find the funds needed to carry out trade activities.<br />
Marketing: Activities to inform goods and services, identify consumer desires.<br />
Human resource management: activities to find workers and improve their abilities.<br />
The Purpose Of A Business<br />
The business goal, according to Sternberg, is to multiply the values of the company's owners through the sale of goods or services. The intended value here is of course economic value or profit, simply the purpose of a business activity is to multiply the profits for the owner of the company or business by selling goods and services. The assertion that multiplying profits is the only objective of business is identical by saying that it is essential that business cannot be separated from capitalism.<br />
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Economic motives are every reason, encouragement, and activity carried out by a person or entity to carry out an economic action. The word Motive comes from the word motive (English), that is reason or mobilizer. Every reason will encourage people to do an activity, act or action. Every activity, action or action of a person is driven by a desire / motive to achieve certain goals.<br />
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Economic Action<br />
Economic Actions are all human endeavors to meet unlimited needs with good consideration based on priorities to achieve prosperity.<br />
Needs are human desires that demand to be fulfilled such as eating, drinking, clothing, housing, education, and so on.<br />
Humans who try or work to earn income, meaning he has done economic action, because humans can use it to meet their daily needs.<br />
Humans try to fulfill their needs, starting from the most basic needs (food, clothing and shelter needs) to higher needs (security needs, respect, self-esteem, and self-actualization).Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-61011054100290053312019-11-12T08:22:00.002-08:002019-11-12T08:22:22.739-08:00Understanding of Business According to Experts<b>Understanding of Business According to Experts</b><br />
Wider usage can refer to certain market sectors, for example, "television business." The most widespread use refers to all activities carried out by the community providers of goods and services. But the exact definition of "business" is still a matter of debate to this day.<br />
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Understanding of Business According to Experts<br />
There are some experts who express their opinions about business, the following will be explained clearly.<br />
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Prof. Owen<br />
Business is a company that deals with the production and distribution of goods to be sold back to the market or to provide prices for each item or service.<br />
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Urwick and Hunt<br />
Business is every company that produces and distributes and provides goods or services needed by the community and on the basis of its willingness to buy or pay.<br />
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Mc. Naughton<br />
Business is an exchange of goods, services or money with the aim of making a profit.<br />
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Prof.L.R.Dicksee<br />
Business is a form of activity that aims to benefit those who are interested in or undertake that activity.<br />
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William Spregal<br />
Said that business is an activity related to the production and distribution of goods or services that can be classified in business activities.<br />
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Hooper<br />
Stating that business is a complex whole in the fields of industry and sales, basic industries, processes, manufacturing and networking industries, insurance, banking, distribution, transportation and others which then enter comprehensively in the business world. The goal is to benefit those who work on it.<br />
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Merriam Webster<br />
Business is all activities of making and buying and selling services and then exchanged for money, activities or work is a job and the number of activities is completed by a company, factory or shop.<br />
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Brown and Petrello<br />
Business is an institution that produces goods and services needed by society. If the needs of the community increase, then the amount of production is increased to meet all the needs of the community while making a profit.<br />
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Steinford<br />
Business means activities in the supply of goods and services needed by consumers.<br />
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Musselman and Jackson<br />
They argue that business is the total number of activities organized in the field of commerce and industry in the supply of goods and services to meet the needs of the community and can improve the quality of people's lives.<br />
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Basic Forms of Business Ownership<br />
Private company<br />
An individual company is a business whose ownership is held by one person. Individual business owners have unlimited liability on company assets.<br />
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Partnership<br />
Partnership is a form of business where two or more people work together to operate a company for profit. Just like an individual company, each partner (partnership) has obligations that are not limited to company assets. Guilds can be grouped into partnerships and limited companies.<br />
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Company<br />
A company is a business whose ownership is held by several people and overseen by a board of directors. Each owner has limited company assets.<br />
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Cooperative<br />
Cooperative is a business consisting of people or legal entities based on cooperative activities under the principle of cooperatives as well as the people's economic movement based on the principle of kinship. The purpose of cooperatives is for the welfare of their members. The main characteristic that distinguishes cooperatives from other business entities is that cooperative members have multiple identities. Multiple identities mean that members of the cooperative are the owners and users of cooperative services.<br />
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Management<br />
The study of business operations efficiently and effectively is called management. The main branches of management are financial management, marketing management, human resource management, operations management, production management, strategic management, business intelligence and information technology management.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-45768006594572624002019-11-12T08:19:00.003-08:002019-11-12T08:19:31.351-08:00Definition of Business Opportunities<b>Definition of Business Opportunities and Business Risks in the Economy</b><br />
Then the next entrepreneur must be able to calculate the risks that might arise when going to implement and transform it into a success in business.<br />
After running an opportunity, entrepreneurs must be able to compete and survive as well as have competitive power with competitors so that in this case they are able to survive in the free market era.<br />
In addition, entrepreneurs must also continue to develop and map other businesses that have profitable prospects in the future. One of the developments that have great potential to be able to advance a business is to use it.<br />
And create creative and innovative products so that consumers feel satisfied. The following will discuss business opportunities and various risks that may be faced.<br />
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Business Opportunities and Business Risks<br />
In this case a lot of business opportunities that exist around us, provided we want to find and ask questions. As a creative or prospective entrepreneur will be able to see so many business opportunities that have the potential to be created.<br />
And how to identify existing business or business opportunities can be sought, as long as you want to work hard, be resilient and believe in yourself. To explore and take advantage of business opportunities, an entrepreneur must think positively and creatively among them in the following way.<br />
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Believe that business can be carried out.<br />
Receive new ideas.<br />
Ask yourself.<br />
Listen to the advice of others.<br />
Having a high work ethic.<br />
Good at communicating.<br />
There are times when someone who wants to open a new business is driven by an excessive sense of optimism, as a balance we must be able to evaluate the business.<br />
Thus the discussion on the Definition of Business Opportunities and Business Risks in the Economy, hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge, all of you, thank you very much for visiting<br />
Etymologically, business means a situation where a person or group of people is busy doing work that produces profits. The word "business" itself has three uses, depending on its scope - the singular use of the word business can refer to business entities, namely juridical (legal), technical, economic and profit-seeking units.<br />
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Understanding of Business<br />
In economics, business is an organization that sells goods or services to consumers, to get a profit or profit. Historically the business word business is English, busy from the word that means "busy" in society, community or individual contexts. In a sense, activities and busy work that brings benefits.<br />
In a capitalist economy, where most businesses are owned by private parties, businesses are made to make profits and improve the welfare of their owners. The owner and operator of a business get rewarded according to the time, effort, or capital they provide. But not all businesses pursue profits like this, for example, collaborative efforts aimed at improving the welfare of all members or government institutions aimed at improving people's welfare.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-31007534416747360082019-11-12T08:17:00.000-08:002019-11-12T08:17:02.412-08:00Example Text Explanation of Social Phenomena<b>Example Text Explanation of Social Phenomena</b><br />
The city is considered a work field for rural residents. The high population in Indonesia especially in metropolitan cities raises several problems, especially in the social and economic fields. The high price of a piece of land in an overseas area forced them into the urban areas to build in improper places which eventually led to slums. Slums are non-habitable settlements (dwellings / settlements) that are usually established illegally or not in accordance with applicable permits.<br />
Many factors cause slums. The rapid flow of urbanization that is difficult to reduce is a key factor. The number of factories and companies in the city is a special attraction for the villagers. However, due to lack of provision in terms of both education and experience, they end up being unemployed. And in the end, establishing uninhabitable settlements. High poverty rates make them unable to buy building materials and parcels of land. Never mind buying even a piece of land to eat they lack.<br />
Impacts arising from the emergence of slums include: reducing the beauty of the city, places that become slums will look disorderly and untidy, the emergence of community groups that can commit crimes at any time and anywhere, increase poverty in Indonesia, and many other adverse effects that will arise.<br />
Slums or also known as squatter settlements are usually located on riverbanks. Elongated settlement patterns are the most popular in their implementation. This is due to the human tendency to build houses that are close to water sources. This also results in the function of the river being disrupted and causing other problems to arise. Not only on the banks of the river, but also in the middle of urban areas are usually clustered in small rented houses.<br />
The pattern of settlement must be structured and planned. The government needs to take serious action on this matter because the function of urban planning will not be implemented properly, if slums are left unchecked. Construction of the towers as carried out by the Governor of DKI Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama or commonly called 'Ahok'. He has built towers in places near the slums with pretty good facilities and at a low cost.<br />
In prevention for urbanites not to move to cities is to provide guidance and guidance that they can actually be happy and prosperous in their own villages. Agricultural counseling is needed so that the majority of the villagers' livelihood as farmers become comfortable and comfortable living in the village.<br />
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Text Framework for Explanation of Social Phenomena (Slums)<br />
Topic: The number of slums in big cities<br />
Objective: To find out the causes and reasons for the large number of slums in big cities<br />
Theme: Slum Ballad<br />
Explanation Text Content Template:<br />
Definition of slums<br />
Factors - the emergence of slums<br />
The impact caused by slums<br />
Patterns of slums<br />
Pattern of settlement of slums<br />
Slum Settlement Text Explanation Structure:<br />
General statement = Paragraph 1<br />
Row of Explanation (contents) = Paragraphs 2, 3, and 4<br />
Interpretation (Closing) = Paragraph 5<br />
Example Explanatory Text About Tsunamis and Their Structures<br />
On December 26, 2004 a devastating natural disaster in Aceh that shocked the world, namely the Tsun ami disaster. A tsunami is a series of high-speed ocean waves. The tsunami originated from the Japanese language "tsu" which means harbor and "nami" which means wave.<br />
Tsunamis occur as a result of sudden disturbance from the seabed. Disturbances can include volcanic eruptions, shifts in the earth's plates, and the fall of meteors. Because of the disturbance, the seabed surface moves up and down so the water seeks balance and a tsunami occurs.<br />
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Before the tsunami is usually marked by sudden receding water, an earthquake, and the number of fish on the beach. Tsunamis cause destruction, both for humans and nature. Like eating many victims, loss of property, destroying buildings, and damaging nature. There are several methods used to minimize the possibility of a tsunami, namely by planting mangroves and building tsunami barrier walls on the coastline.<br />
Tsunamis can come at any beach and at any time. Most tsunamis harm humans. But there are also waves that are not large so it is not so detrimental. Because tsunamis can come at any time, we must always be vigilant, especially those who live near the coast. If there are signs of an earthquake, immediately evacuate to a higher and safer place.<br />
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Explanation and Structure of the Explanatory Text About Tsunamis<br />
General Statement:<br />
A tsunami is a series of waves that are formed by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea or land near the coast. Large waves can cause flooding and damage when hitting the coast<br />
Row of Explanation:<br />
Tsunamis are created when the seabed surface moves up and down (shifting plates on the seabed) along the fault during an earthquake.<br />
Tsunamis can also be created due to volcanic eruptions which cause water movement in the sea or surrounding waters to be very high.<br />
Tsunami waves that occur at sea go faster than normal waves. The waves spread in all directions with altitudes reaching 30-50 meters and speeds of around 800 km / hour.<br />
When a tsunami wave enters shallow water, its speed will decrease and its height will increase. The height of the wave depends on the shape of the beach and its depth.<br />
Interpretation:<br />
Not all earthquakes and volcanoes can cause tsunamis. Tsunamis can cause great damage to humans. The greatest damage occurred when the tsunami waves hit human settlements so that they dragged everything in their path.<br />
Thus the complete discussion. hopefully with these reviews can add insight and knowledge of you all, thank you very much for your visit.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-33826073083907058062019-11-12T08:16:00.002-08:002019-11-12T08:16:20.596-08:00Example of Unemployment Explanation Text<b>Example of Unemployment Explanation Text</b><br />
Earthquake<br />
Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur due to the movement of the rock layers that originate from the bottom or subsurface of the earth. Natural events that often occur in areas close to volcanoes and also in areas surrounded by vast oceans.<br />
The earthquake occurred because of the shifting of the earth's lower layers and the terrible volcanic eruption. In addition, earthquakes occur so quickly with such a devastating impact. Therefore, the consequences are extraordinary. Earthquake vibrations are very strong and spread in all directions so that it can destroy buildings and cause casualties.<br />
Based on the cause of the occurrence, earthquakes can be classified into two, namely tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes occur because the layer of the earth's crust becomes precarious or soft so it experiences movement. The "Tectonic Plate" theory contains an explanation that our earth consists of several layers of rock. Most of the crustal area will be washed away and float in layers, like snow.<br />
This layer moves so slowly that it breaks and collides with one another. That is why earthquakes occur. Meanwhile, volcanic earthquakes occur because of an extremely devastating volcanic eruption. This volcanic earthquake is less common when compared to tectonic earthquakes.<br />
Earthquakes can occur at any time, without knowing the season. However, earthquake concentrations tend to occur in certain places, such as the Pacific Plate boundary. This place is known for its ring of fire because of the many volcanoes.<br />
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Information:<br />
Identify the language features of the text according to the color markers for each language option.<br />
Focus on general things (generic), not human participants (nonhuman participants), for example earthquakes, floods, rain and air.<br />
It is possible to use scientific terms.<br />
Use time conjunctions or clauses, for example if, if, so, before, first and then.<br />
The language is concise, interesting and clear.<br />
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Purpose of the Explanation Text<br />
Explanations are used to calculate why things turn out that way. Exploration is more a process than about something.<br />
Example: The purpose of the Earthquake explanation text is to explain the process / phenomenon of earthquakes.<br />
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Example of Unemployment Explanation Text 2<br />
Social phenomenon "Unemployment"<br />
Unemployment is one of the social phenomena related to aspects of employment which is a problem in society. Like a disease, which chronically attacks aspects of social life. Many handling formulas have been taken, but this problem has not yet been resolved. Not only in Indonesia, this unemployment problem is found in almost all countries. Every government in the world, makes the problem of unemployment the main agenda.<br />
In general, many interpret that unemployment is adults who do not work, are looking for work or do not have a formal job and do not get income. In addition, the Central Statistics Agency "BPS" specifically defines unemployment, ie people who work less than 1 hour every week.<br />
There are some very basic factors that cause unemployment. Unemployment usually occurs because of the gap between job seekers and job opportunities. Unemployment can also be caused by structural changes in the economy. This change raises the need for workers with different types or levels of skills. So the qualifications possessed by job seekers do not match the existing demands. And what often also happens is unemployment caused by termination of employment with employees and laborers.<br />
As a result of unemployment that is causing various economic and social problems for those who experience it. People who do not have a livelihood also do not earn income and those who do not earn cannot spend money to buy the necessities of life. If the number of unemployed people is certain, social chaos will arise, the number of homeless people will increase rapidly, then the potential to cause crime.<br />
From the whole description above, it is clear that unemployment is a big problem that must be immediately sought a solution. The real step that can be taken is to improve employment conditions. With better employment conditions, social violence due to unemployment can be reduced or overcome.<br />
And besides that, improving the composition of graduate graduates produced and adjusted to the needs of the labor market. An even better step is if we are able to provide adequate skills for those of working age so that they can create their own jobs. All these steps must be taken immediately so that the problem of unemployment is immediately resolved.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-41716709315058202062019-11-12T08:15:00.002-08:002019-11-12T08:15:27.465-08:00Explanation Text Structure and Explanatory Series<b>Explanation Text Structure and Explanatory Series</b><br />
After reading the text "Earthquake", you certainly find the parts in the form of general statements (opening), a series of explanations (content), and interpretation / closing (not necessarily there). The parts become text buildings, explanations as shown in the following chart.<br />
<br />
General Statement<br />
1) Contains a general statement about a topic, which will explain the process of its existence, the process of its occurrence, the process of its existence, the process of its occurrence, the process of its formation, etc.<br />
2) Must be concise, interesting, and clear, which is able to arouse the reader's interest to read the details.<br />
<br />
Explanatory Series<br />
1) Filled with detailed explanation of the process of existence, the process of occurrence.<br />
2) It is very relative to answer ‘how’ questions, the answer of which is a statement or the answer in the form of a statement<br />
3) It is possible to remember that the process needs to be explained in stages, first, second, third, etc. or first, next, last.<br />
<br />
Closing / Interpretation<br />
Contains conclusions or statements about the topic / process described from the explanatory text example above.<br />
Example Identifying the structure of Earthquake explanatory texts<br />
<br />
General Statement<br />
Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur due to the movement of the rock layers that originate from the bottom or subsurface of the earth. Natural events that often occur in areas close to volcanoes and also in areas surrounded by vast oceans.<br />
The earthquake occurred because of the shifting of the earth's lower layers and the terrible volcanic eruption. In addition, earthquakes occur so quickly with such a devastating impact. Therefore, the consequences are extraordinary. Earthquake vibrations are very strong and spread in all directions so that it can destroy buildings and cause casualties.<br />
<br />
Explanatory Series<br />
Based on the cause of the occurrence, earthquakes can be classified into two, namely tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes occur because the layer of the earth's crust becomes precarious or soft so it experiences movement. The "Tectonic Plate" theory contains an explanation that our earth consists of several layers of rock. Most of the crustal area will be washed away and float in layers, like snow. This layer moves so slowly that it breaks and collides with one another. That is why earthquakes occur. Meanwhile, volcanic earthquakes occur because of an extremely devastating volcanic eruption. This volcanic earthquake is less common when compared to tectonic earthquakes.<br />
<br />
Interpretation<br />
Earthquakes can occur at any time, without knowing the season. However, earthquake concentrations tend to occur in certain places, such as the Pacific Plate boundary. This place is known for its ring of fire because of the many volcanoes.<br />
<br />
Characteristics of the Explanation Text Language<br />
After identifying the text structure of the 'Earthquake' explanatory text you will learn about the language characteristics of the Explanation text. Characteristics of explanatory text languages are as follows.<br />
Focus on general things (generic), not human participants (nonhuman participants), for example earthquakes, floods, rain and air.<br />
It is possible to use scientific terms<br />
Use time conjunctions or clauses, for example if, if, so, before, first and then.<br />
The language is concise, interesting and clear<br />
Examples of identifying language features of the text "Earthquakes"Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-50910403084149269322019-11-12T08:14:00.002-08:002019-11-12T08:14:28.922-08:00Social Phenomenon Exploration Text Framework<b>Social Phenomenon Exploration Text Framework (Street Busker)</b><br />
Topic: Street buskers who are seen negatively by the public<br />
Objective: To find out the causes and reasons for the emergence of negative views and opinions by the public on street buskers<br />
Theme: Negative Stigma of Street Artists<br />
Explanation Text Content Template:<br />
Definition of street buskers<br />
The factors that cause buskers are viewed negatively by the public<br />
Variety of street buskers backgrounds<br />
Public opinion of buskers<br />
Top artists who have worked as street buskers<br />
Pattern of solving negative stigma against street buskers<br />
Street Musicians Explanation Structures:<br />
General statement = Paragraph 1<br />
Row of Explanation (contents) = Paragraphs 2, 3, 4, and 5<br />
Interpretation (Closing) = Paragraph 6<br />
<br />
Example Text Explanation of Natural Disasters and Their Structures<br />
Earthquake<br />
Earthquakes are vibrations or shocks that occur due to the movement of the rock layers that originate from the bottom or subsurface of the earth. Natural events that often occur in areas close to volcanoes and also in areas surrounded by vast oceans.<br />
The earthquake occurred because of the shifting of the earth's lower layers and the terrible volcanic eruption. In addition, earthquakes occur so quickly with such a devastating impact. Therefore, the consequences are extraordinary. Earthquake vibrations are very strong and spread in all directions so that it can destroy buildings and cause casualties.<br />
Based on the cause of the occurrence, earthquakes can be classified into two, namely tectonic earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes occur because the layer of the earth's crust becomes precarious or soft so it experiences movement. The "Tectonic Plate" theory contains an explanation that our earth consists of several layers of rock. Most of the crustal area will be washed away and float in layers, like snow.<br />
This layer moves so slowly that it breaks and collides with one another. That is why earthquakes occur. Meanwhile, volcanic earthquakes occur because of an extremely devastating volcanic eruption. This volcanic earthquake is less common when compared to tectonic earthquakes.<br />
Earthquakes can occur at any time, without knowing the season. However, earthquake concentrations tend to occur in certain places, such as the Pacific Plate boundary. This place is known for its ring of fire because of the many volcanoes.<br />
Street buskers should not be seen with only one eye. There are several top Indonesian artists to the world who started their careers from the streets. There is a country, which was once incorporated in one of the famous bands in Indonesia ,. He claimed to start his career busking from one train station to another. There are also Tegar, Aris 'Idol', etc. Abroad, there is a famous band in his day that is even legendary until now the famous band The Beatles. There is also Ed Sheeran who was once a street busker around the O2 arena in London, England. He has been recognized as a great musician, plus the many awards he has achieved including the most prestigious in the world music industry "Grammy Awards". The artists above are clear proof that street buskers should not be underestimated.<br />
Responding to the existence of street singers must be seen from two sides. This pattern of problem solving must be done at all levels of society. The government must also play a role in educating and guiding street buskers to become better individuals in the future. We as a society must be wise. As the saying goes "don't just judge a book by its cover", maybe it's time we use this saying in response to the existence of street buskers around us.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-37782995261258461282019-11-12T08:13:00.000-08:002019-11-12T08:13:09.361-08:00General Statement of Schematic Explanation<b>General Statement of Schematic Explanation</b><br />
General Statement, Contains a general statement about a topic, which will explain the existence of its existence, the process of its occurrence, the process of its formation, etc. It must be concise, interesting and clear, which can arouse the reader's interest to read the details.<br />
Sequence of explanations, Contains detailed explanation of the existence process, the process of occurrence. Very relative to answer the question how, the answer in the form of a statement or declarative sentence. The use of sequence markers is very possible considering the process needs to be explained in stages, first, second, third, etc. or first, next, last.<br />
Closing, Contains conclusions or statements about the topic / process described.<br />
Writing explanatory texts is a component that is learned in a teaching and learning activity. This text writing activity is an activity of the students' observations about the text. The final result of a learning is to write the results of student observations about this text, both the content, structure, and language contained in the explanatory text.<br />
<br />
Characteristics of the Explanation Text<br />
Explanation text has 3 characteristics that can facilitate us to distinguish between explanatory texts and other texts, the following will be an explanation of the three characteristics of explanatory texts.<br />
The structure consists of general statements, the sequence of causes and effects and interpretations as explained above earlier.<br />
Contains information based on "factual" facts.<br />
The fact is that it contains scientific or scientific information such as science and others.<br />
Rule of Text Explanation<br />
Explanatory texts generally have the following language characteristics:<br />
Focus on general "generic" non-human participants (nonhuman participants) such as earthquakes, floods, rain and air.<br />
It is possible to use scientific terms.<br />
Use more material and relational verbs "active verbs".<br />
Use conjunctions of time and vows for example if, if, so, before, first and then.<br />
Use passive sentences.<br />
Explanations are written to justify that something explained causally is true.<br />
Example Text Explanation of Social Phenomena<br />
<br />
Street performer<br />
The increasingly mushrooming street singers at this time, especially in big cities seems to cause its own problems. There are those who respond positively but many more respond negatively. Street buskers are dancers, singers, or music players who perform shows on the streets by moving - moving from one vehicle to another. Street buskers are attached to street child symbols depicted filthy, dirty, naughty, criminal, etc. The poor view of the public on street buskers raises its own problems that deserve to be discussed.<br />
The negative stigma of the community towards the existence of buskers has been going on for a long time. Many factors cause this to happen. These factors, among others, because most people consider this profession bad. The public assumes that all street buskers are uneducated not familiar with the criminal black world, and many others. The factors above are only a handful of various reasons that arise in the community related to their negative responses to street buskers.<br />
Many things are the background of people - to take to the streets and busking. Some are due to the economic pressure that requires them to take to the streets for a bite of rice. There is also a background for channeling their hobbies and interests. It is common for students who become buskers because their interests and hobbies are singing and playing music.<br />
Communities in big cities that use private and public transportation modes may already be accustomed to the street buskers that blend with hawkers, beggars, homeless people, etc. The response of ordinary people about street buskers varied, some claimed to be quite entertained and happy about their existence. Many more feel annoyed and uncomfortable with them. The dream of buskers is made worse by the large number of criminal cases involving street buskers as the culprit.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-47856422957047223302019-11-12T08:12:00.000-08:002019-11-12T08:12:05.864-08:00Explanatory Text Material Description<b>Explanatory Text Material Description</b><br />
This explanatory text material has not been found in textbooks that refer to the previous curriculum. Besides that, the availability of references about this material on the internet also turns out to be still very minimal. This situation is inversely reversed by the fact of the Google search engine which notes that the demand for information with the keyword "explanatory text" is quite high. That is, there are many people out there who are in need of discussion relating to this text.<br />
An event both natural events and social events that occur around us, always have a causal relationship and have a process. An event that happens around us, not only for us to observe and feel, but also for us to learn. We can study the incident, for example in terms of why and how it happened.<br />
<br />
Text-Explanation<br />
Understanding Explanation Text According to Experts<br />
Explanation comes from a foreign language (English) which means the act of explaining or explaining and explaining information, statements or facts (The Contemporary English-Indonesian Dictionary: 651). Understanding Explanation Text (Explanation Text) is a text that contains about processes related to natural phenomena, social, scientific, cultural, and others.<br />
<br />
While Restuti (2013: 85)<br />
said that the notion of explanatory texts is texts that explain or explain natural or social processes or phenomena.<br />
<br />
And According to (Mahsun, 2013: 189):<br />
This text is structured with a structure consisting of parts that show a general statement (opening), a series of explanations (contents), and interpretation / closing. The general statement section contains brief information about what was said. The explanatory row contains a sequence of descriptions or explanations about the events that occurred. Meanwhile, the interpretation section contains the author's brief opinion about the event that occurred. This section is the closing text of explanation which may or may not exist.<br />
Purpose of the Explanation Text<br />
The purpose of writing explanatory texts is to explain the process of creating something that happens naturally, or the process of working of natural and social phenomena.<br />
<br />
Explanation Text Structure<br />
The explanatory text has a structure that consists of general statements, followed by a sequence of cause and effect and ends with interpretation. To understand more about these structures, please refer to the following description.<br />
General Statement, Contains a general explanation of the phenomenon to be discussed, can be in the form of an introduction to the phenomenon or an explanation. The general explanation written in this text is a general description of what, why, and how the process of natural events can occur.<br />
Explanatory Row, Containing an explanation of the process why the phenomenon can occur or created and can consist of more than one paragraph. Rows of explanations describe and detail the causes and consequences of a natural disaster that occurred.<br />
Interpretation (Optional), optional closing text; not a requirement. The concluding text in question is, the text which is the essence or conclusion of a general statement and explanatory sequence. Optionally it can be a response or take a conclusion on the statement contained in the text (Mahsun, 2013)<br />
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Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-22309380850748722982019-11-12T08:01:00.001-08:002019-11-12T08:01:05.728-08:00Definition of Computer Networks<b>Definition of Computer Networks</b><br />
Understanding Computer Networks<br />
Definition and Definition of the Most Complete Network - The network (network) is an operating system consisting of a number of computers and other network devices that work together to achieve the same goal or a network that consists of points (nodes) connected to one interact with each other, with or without wires. Each of these nodes is useful as a workstations. One of the nodes is as a service media or server, it is the one that regulates certain functions of other nodes. Basically, computer network technology itself is a combination between computer technology and communication technology.<br />
<br />
Definition and Understanding of Network<br />
The purpose of computer networks:<br />
Networks allow resource management to be more efficient. In addition, licenses from network software can be cheaper than separate stand-alone licenses for the same number of users, and share CPU, Memory and Hardisk usage.<br />
The network also helps maintain information that is reliable and up-to-date. A well-managed centralized data storage system will allow many users to access data from a variety of different locations, and limit access to data while being processed.<br />
The network also helps speed up the process of sharing data (data sharing). Data transfer on a network can always be faster than other means of sharing data that are not networked.<br />
Networks also allow working groups to communicate more efficiently. Electronic mail and delivery are the substance of most network systems, in addition to scheduling systems, project monitoring, online conferencing and groupware, all of which help teams work more productively and quickly.<br />
Networks also help businesses in serving their clients more effectively.<br />
<br />
Network Benefits<br />
The main benefit that can immediately be felt from network sharing is that the Internet is worldwide, because in essence the Internet is a series of computers connected to one another. It evolves and develops over time, so it can form a complex network as we feel now.<br />
<br />
Another advantage seen from the side of the internal network is:<br />
Resource Sharing is that it can use the available resources together.<br />
High reliability with our computer network will get a high reliability by having an alternative source of inventory.<br />
Hardware sharing is for sharing hardware on time together.<br />
Security and data management is a computer in a business environment, with the existence of such a network will allow an administrator to organize all the most important office data.<br />
Stability and improvement in computing performance is, under certain conditions, a network can be used to improve the overall performance of business applications,<br />
<br />
Network Losses<br />
Here are some of the disadvantages of implementing a network:<br />
High costs then higher.<br />
network development includes various aspects, namely:<br />
hardware purchase,<br />
software,<br />
costs for network planning consulting, then<br />
costs for network building services themselves.<br />
This high infestation is certainly for large companies with high network needs. Whereas for home users this fee is relatively small and can be reduced.<br />
Hardware Management and System Administration: in a company organization that already has a system, this administration will be felt to be a small thing, at least when compared to the large work costs and costs incurred at the implementation stage. However, this is the most important step because errors at this point can result in a review that will even experience network re-construction.<br />
Sharing unwanted files: With the good comes the bad, this is always a common thing (ambiguous), the ease of sharing files into a network intended for use by certain people, often resulting in leakage of shared folders and can be read also by other people who have no right. This will always happen if it is not set by the network administrator.<br />
Virus applications and hacking methods are things that are always a scary problem for everyone that can cause network down and work stopping.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-58229467769972152122019-11-12T07:58:00.000-08:002019-11-12T07:58:05.490-08:00Understanding LAN Components and Functions<b>Understanding LAN Components and Functions</b><br />
Understanding, Components And Functions of LAN (Local Area Network) on the computer in full - Hear the word LAN, surely you already know it. because every agency or office must have used the LAN name. because LAN is used to connect computers to other computers. For more details about LAN let's look at the reviews below.<br />
<br />
Understanding LAN (Local Area Network)<br />
LAN is short for Local Area Network which is a network where hardware and software can communicate with each other in a limited area. LAN can only reach very limited areas. for example, can only reach within one building.<br />
Therefore the limitations in its range cause the speed of data transmission will be very high. LAN cable is also known as UTP cable which is usually shaped like a torsion cable like that of a telephone cable.<br />
LAN itself consists of a server, client and gateaway. Where the server in a LAN is one or more computers that use a server operating system. The task of the server here is as a provider of storage media and other services that make a computer in the network can use it both individually and together.<br />
While the client is a computer that uses a client operating system such as Windows that is connected to the LAN. And gateaway itself is a device that is on the network that serves to communicate with other networks.<br />
<br />
LAN (Local Area Network) Components<br />
Workstation, which is a node or host in the form of a computer system.<br />
Server, which is a hardware that has a function to serve the network and workstations that are connected to the network. in general resources (resources) such as printers, disks, etc. that want to be shared by users at workstations are and work on a server.<br />
Links, workstations and servers cannot function if the equipment is not physically connected.<br />
Network Interface Card (NIC), A workstation is not connected directly with a network cable or tranceiver cable, but through a series of electronics specifically designed to handle a network protocol known as a Network Interface Card (NIC).<br />
Network Software, Without the network software, the network will not work as desired.<br />
Understanding Computer Networks and Their Functions and Kinds<br />
Understanding Computer Network Topology And Its Kinds And Strengths<br />
Definition and Definition of Complete Network<br />
Definition of a Computer Operating System (Operating System) Complete<br />
Understanding of the Internet and Intranet According to Experts [Complete]<br />
LAN (Local Area Network) Function<br />
<br />
LAN (Local Area Network) has the following functions:<br />
LAN has a function as a resource sharing which aims so that all programs (software), equipment, especially data can be used by everyone on the network without any influence on the location of resources and users.<br />
LAN also has a function to provide internet network connection in a room.<br />
To make data security more secure because with a LAN a server can manage important data that can only be accessed by certain users.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-68926155681306414822019-11-12T07:56:00.000-08:002019-11-12T07:56:04.266-08:00Technology Used by Metropolitan Area Network<b>Technology Used by Metropolitan Area Network</b><br />
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)<br />
An international standard for cell relays where multiple types of service (such as digital voice / video, or data) are delivered in fixed length (53-byte) cells. Fixed-length cells allow cell processes to take place in hardware, thereby reducing ATM delays designed for high-speed media transmissions such as E3, SONET, and T3. ATM differs in a number of ways from other more common data link technologies such as Ethernet.<br />
<br />
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)<br />
Is a protocol that uses a double optical fiber loop topology called the primary circle and secondary circle. Both of these circles can be used for data transmission but only the primary circle is usually used as the main network. The secondary circle only works if the primary circle is damaged.<br />
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Switched Multi-megabit Data Service (SMDS)<br />
Is a connectionless service used to connect LANs, MANs and WANs for data exchange. In the early 1990s, in Europe this service was known as Broadband Connectionless Broadband Data Service (CBDS). The purpose of connectionless is that there is no need to manage connections over the network before sending data.<br />
<br />
Characteristics of MAN<br />
Covers an area of between 5 and 50 km range. Many MANs cover urban areas.<br />
A MAN (like WAN) is generally not owned by one organization. MAN, its communication links and equipment, are generally owned by either a consortium of users or by a network service provider that sells services to users.<br />
MAN often acts as a high-speed network to allow sharing of regional resources. It is also often used to provide shared connections to other networks by using links to WANs.<br />
MAN is larger and usually uses the same technology as a LAN.<br />
It only has one or two cables and has no switching element, which functions to manage packets through several cable outputs. The existence of switching elements makes the design simpler.<br />
<br />
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Example<br />
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Network Center for Geological Survey (Model Concept and How to Use It for Users)<br />
Computer technology (informatics) that has developed rapidly along with the development of telecommunications technology has created an electronic revolution that can distribute news or data at the speed of light to all corners of the world. The information revolution, which is a combination of science and technology, has changed the source of wealth, not material anymore, as in the era of industrial evolution, but in the form of information, this value has given rise to the slogan that "Whoever controls information will rule the world".<br />
Apart from that, now many companies / agencies have realized the need to follow / take advantage of these technological developments, this can be seen from the many instances / companies that have used a computer network system (network) in the management and communication of data, one of them is the Geological Survey Center (PSG) agency.<br />
The Geological Survey Center which has 3 (three) building complexes which are far apart, namely the Diponegoro complex as the central building complex, then the Quaternary laboratory building complex in Pasteur and the Gedebage building complex on Soekarno Hatta street which is about 5 to 20 km. The Geological Survey Center has duties and functions including conducting research, geological mapping and geophysics.<br />
Many data from field research and laboratory processing that must be immediately reported or integrated with one another become late due to slow data delivery and many other problems.<br />
Seeing the above conditions, it is necessary to have data communication technology that can handle the above. The right network system to handle this, one of which is to utilize Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) network technology.<br />
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) network is basically a type of LAN that is larger in size and usually uses the same technology as a LAN. MAN can include corporate offices that are located adjacent to or also a city and can be used for personal (private) or public.<br />
The scope of this MAN is between 10 to 50 km, this MAN is the right network to build a network between offices in one city between factories / agencies and head office within reach.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-40756849463639224992019-11-12T07:55:00.000-08:002019-11-12T07:55:11.816-08:00History of the Metropolitan Area Network <b>History of the Metropolitan Area Network </b><br />
In the 1940s in America there was a study that wanted to use a computer device together. In the 1950s when the type of computer began to grow until the creation of a super computer, because of the high price of computer equipment, there was a demand that a computer must serve several terminals.<br />
From this, the concept of time-based process distribution emerged, known as the TSS (Time Sharing System), the first form of computer networking applied. In TSS systems several terminals are connected in series to a host computer.<br />
Furthermore, this concept developed into a distribution process (Distributed Processing). In this process several computer hosts do a large job in parallel to serve several terminals that are connected in series to each host computer.<br />
When the prices of small computers have begun to decline and the concept of the distribution process has matured, the use of computers and networks has begun to vary from beginning to handle shared processes and communication between computers (Peer to Peer System) alone without going through the central computer. For this reason, network technology such as LAN, MAN and WAN began to develop<br />
<br />
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Implementation<br />
Some of the technologies used for this purpose are Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), FDDI, and SMDS. This technology is in the process of being replaced by Ethernet-based connections (for example, Metro Ethernet) in most areas. MAN connections between local area networks have been built wirelessly using either microwave, radio, or infra-red laser links. Most companies rent or lease circuits from general operators due to the fact that laying long cables that stretch is expensive.<br />
DQDB, Distributed-queue dual bus, is a standard metropolitan area network for data communication. This is specified in the IEEE 802.6 standard. Using DQDB, the network can be up to 20 miles (30 km) and operate at speeds of 34-155 Mbit / s.<br />
Some well-known networks started as MANs, such as MAE-West, MAE-East Internet peering points, and Sohonet network media.<br />
<br />
Strengths and Weaknesses of MAN Networks<br />
Advantages of MAN Networks<br />
Data and information exchange can be faster and more accurate.<br />
Development in the area of science for a college or schools.<br />
Communication between colleges or schools or employees in an office can be by e-mail or chat.<br />
The process of data backup from various places is easier and faster.<br />
Can create a means of discussion for colleges or schools.<br />
Can be used as a tool to unite employee or student cohesiveness and students.<br />
Can be used as a means of promotion that is appropriate and fast.<br />
Can use application programs or games together.<br />
The coverage of the network area is wider than the LAN network<br />
Lack of MAN Network<br />
Relatively large operational costs<br />
The maintenance costs are fairly expensive<br />
Crackers often target for personal gain<br />
To repair a MAN network requires quite a long time<br />
MAN Network Losses<br />
High operational costs.<br />
Installing the infrastructure is not easy.<br />
Complicated if there is network trouble (network trouble shooting).<br />
To repair a MAN network requires quite a long time.<br />
Can be the target of operations by Crackers for personal gain<br />
<br />
Function and Purpose of MAN<br />
Build & implement a network system that collaborates between servers to meet the internal needs of companies and governments in communicating the network used so that they can carry out activities such as chat, messenger, video and others with local bandwidth.<br />
Types of Computer Networks MAN is commonly used to connect computer networks from one city to another. To be able to create a MAN network, telecommunications operators are usually required to connect between computer networks<br />
The MAN Computer Network includes the wider network coverage area so that communication becomes more efficient, makes it easier to do business, and also security in the network becomes better<br />
Able to support text and voice data, and can even be associated with cable television networks or radio waves<br />
To connect computer networks from one city to another<br />
Also Read Articles That May Be Related: Comprehension, Components and Functions of LAN (Local Area Network) on the computer in fullMac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-63028334759873527052019-11-12T07:54:00.003-08:002019-11-12T07:54:26.697-08:00Understanding Metropolitan Area Network <b>Understanding Metropolitan Area Network </b><br />
Understanding Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Functions, Strengths, Weaknesses and Examples: is a computer network that usually covers a large city or campus.<br />
<br />
Understanding Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)<br />
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network that is wider than the Local Area Network (LAN). The area used in the MAN network is in a country. In this case, a computer network connects several Local Area Network (LAN) networks into a larger area environment. Multiple Local Area Netwrok (LAN) into one network can also be called Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).<br />
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) can be found on one campus or in a rather large area (can also be a city). Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) are usually not owned by only one organization. Just like a Local Area Network (LAN), the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) also has wireless with relatively similar advantages and disadvantages. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is also able to support text and voice data, and can even be connected to cable television networks or radio waves.<br />
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that usually covers a large city or campus. MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using high capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optic links, and provides up-link services for wide area networks (or WANs) and the Internet. The scope of this MAN is between 10 to 50 km, this MAN is the right network to build a network between offices in one city between factories / agencies and head office within its reach.<br />
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a computer network in a city with high-speed data transfer, which connects various locations such as campuses, offices, government, and so forth. MAN network is a combination of several LANs. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is basically a LAN version that is larger and usually uses the same technology as a LAN. MAN is an option for building computer networks between offices in a city.<br />
MAN is usually able to support data and voice, and can even be connected with cable television networks. MAN only has one or two cables and does not have a switching element, which functions to manage packets through several cable outputs. The existence of switching elements makes the design simpler.<br />
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The standard describes MAN as:<br />
"MAN is optimized for larger geographic areas of the LAN, starting from several building blocks for the entire city. MAN can also depend on moderate-to-high-speed data communication channels. MAN may be owned and operated by a single organization, but will usually be used by many individuals and organizations. MAN may also be owned and operated as a public utility. They will often provide facilities for internetworking local networks. "<br />
Authors Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon (2001) Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm 10th ed. defines a metropolitan area network as:<br />
"A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a large computer network that covers a metropolitan area or campus. Geographical coverage that falls between WAN and LAN. MAN provides Internet connectivity for LANs in metropolitan areas, and connects them to wider area networks such as the Internet. "Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-46058616258524653882019-11-11T09:22:00.002-08:002019-11-11T09:22:54.414-08:00Characteristics of the Nation<b>Ethnic Differences</b><br />
The lives of tribal peoples are indeed different from one another, including:<br />
Differences in regional languages - There are Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, Balinese, Batak, Banjar, Makassar, Ambon, Irian and so on.<br />
Different customs in marriage - ritual ceremonies, customary law.<br />
Differences in regional arts - Music, dance, painting, sculpture, and sculpture.<br />
Differences in religion and belief in God Almighty.<br />
Differences in family structure - There are matrilineal, patrilineal and parental terms.<br />
Differences in the art of building houses - work equipment in the fields and others.<br />
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Characteristics of the Nation<br />
The Following Are The Characteristics Of The Nation.<br />
cultural similarity,<br />
language similarity,<br />
religious equality,<br />
behavioral similarity,<br />
similarity in biological features<br />
Also Read Articles That Might Be Associated: "Elements of National Defense" in Indonesia and their Purpose & Function<br />
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Ethnic Classification in Indonesia<br />
The Following Is A Classification Of Ethnic Groups in Indonesia.<br />
Ethnic (ethnic) communities of the island of Sumatra: Aceh, Batak, Minangkabau, Bengkulu, Jambi, Palembang, Malay, etc.<br />
Java Island ethnic groups: Sundanese, Javanese, Madurese, Tengger, etc.<br />
Kalimantan Island tribesmen: Dayak, Banjar, etc.<br />
Sulawesi Island tribes: Bugis, Makassarese, Toraja, Minahasa, Toli-Toli, Bolang-Mongondow, and Gorontalo, etc.<br />
Ethnic groups in the Nusa Tenggara Islands: Bali, Bima, Lombok, Flores, East and Rote, etc.<br />
Ethnic groups in the Maluku Islands and Papua: Ternate, Tidore, Biak, Merauke, Dani, Ayamaru, and Asmat, etc.<br />
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Forming Factors Nation<br />
The Following Are The Forming Factors Of The Nation.<br />
Primordial<br />
kinship ties, ethnicity, region, language, and customs.<br />
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Sacred<br />
the existence of religious equality shared by the community and in this case religion can form a strong ideology or doctrine in the community, so that its relation can lead to a nation.<br />
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Figure<br />
one of the factors forming the nation because for the community, the figure is used as a role model to realize the nation's vision and mission.<br />
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History<br />
past experiences such as suffering (memoria passionis) will give birth to solidarity so that it is possible to form a determination and a goal between groups of people.<br />
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Economic development<br />
the increasing economic development, the more diverse needs of the community, so that interdependence arises so as to form a unity namely the nation as a way to meet the needs of one another.<br />
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Forming Factors of the Indonesian Nation<br />
The Following Are The Forming Factors Of The Indonesian Nation<br />
<br />
Equation of ethnic ancestry origin<br />
Similarities in cultural patterns<br />
The equation of residence called the homeland<br />
Historical equation<br />
The equality of ideals or ideology<br />
Unifying Factors of the Indonesian Nation<br />
Following Are the Unifying Factors of the Indonesian Nation.<br />
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Basic country (Pancasila)<br />
Republic of Indonesia 1945 Constitution<br />
The national flag is red and white<br />
The national anthem of Indonesia Raya<br />
Indonesian<br />
One area of Indonesia<br />
One State government<br />
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Those in the group members are marked by cooperation, friendship, order and friendship. And while in out groups are characterized by attitudes of indifference, hatred, hostility and mutual hatred. Social groups are formed on the basis of individual feelings towards the group. In this case according to W.G. Sumner social groups can be divided into two, namely: In group and Out group.<br />
Out Group is a social group that is outside the in group. His attitude is always marked by a disorder and often marked antipathy "antipathy". Feelings in groups and out groups are the basis of an attitude called ethnocentrism. The members of a particular social group, more or less will have a tendency to underestimate everything that is included in the habits of his own group is the best when compared with the habits of other groups.<br />
In this case the tendency is called ethnocentrism, which is the attitude to assess the elements of other cultures by using their own cultural measures. The ethnocentric attitude is often equated with an attitude of trusting something, so that sometimes it is very difficult for the person concerned to change it even though he realizes that his attitude is wrong. Entnosentrsi attitude socialized or taught to members of social groups, consciously or unconsciously, simultaneously with other cultural values.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-16097578476728303972019-11-11T09:21:00.002-08:002019-11-11T09:21:53.378-08:00Definition of Nation, Difference and Classification<b>Definition of Nation, Difference and Classification</b><br />
Definition of Ethnic Groups - Race, Difference, Characteristics, Classification, Factors, Experts: Ethnic groups are social groups that exist in society that are used to differentiate one group from another group.<br />
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Definition of Nation According to Experts Complete<br />
Understanding the Nation<br />
Ethnic groups are social groups in society that are used as a differentiator for group one with other groups. This group generally has its own characteristics that can be used to distinguish between other groups based on the place and origin and culture.<br />
Ethnic groups can also mean a group of people who are consciously bound by identity to cultural unity. Ethnic groups are social integration which is differentiated based on other social groups because it has a fundamental characteristic of the relationship of origin and place of residence and also the culture that exists in the area.<br />
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Definition of Nation According to Experts<br />
Ethnic groups according to experts have many arguments put forward, the arguments raised by experts will be explained as follows:<br />
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Frederick Barth<br />
The understanding of ethnicity is in the form of human association because of the similarity of race, religion, national origin or a combination of categories that are tied to cultural value systems.<br />
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Koentjaraningrat<br />
Ethnic groups are groups of people who have unity in culture and are bound by their awareness of their identity, their awareness and identity are usually strengthened by the unity of languages.<br />
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Hasan Shadily MA<br />
According to Hasan Shadily, the MA explained that the "ethical" ethnic group is a group of people who are considered to have biological relations.<br />
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Eriks Wolf & Fredrik Brath<br />
Having ethnicity responses as a result of interaction, and not the intrinsic nature of a group.<br />
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Situational Theory Perspective<br />
A tribe is an outcome formed from influences originating from outside the group. An external factor influencing ethnicity is colonialism.<br />
Colonoialism was that which had an administrative interest in the colonial government which had divided colonized citizens into ethnic and racial groups. In the future the rest of the colonial legacy will be used today.<br />
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Indonesian Encyclopedia<br />
The tribe is a social group in the social system or culture that has a certain meaning or position that can be due to their lineage, customs, religion, language and so forth.<br />
Members of ethnic groups can have similarities in terms of history or descent of language "which is often used or not", value systems, customs and traditions.<br />
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Wikipedia<br />
According to Wikipedia, an ethnic or ethnic group or ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify themselves with each other, usually based on lineages that are considered equal. Ethnic identity is characterized by recognition from others of the group's characteristics such as cultural similarity, language, religion, behavior and biological characteristics.<br />
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Raroll<br />
Unity of people who have a sense of identity among their citizens and have a special bond of customs in their lives, takes place continuously.<br />
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KBBI<br />
"Parts and parts" of social unity that can be distinguished from other social units based on an awareness of the identity of cultural differences, especially language.<br />
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Understanding Race<br />
Race is a group of people who live isolated in an area that displays a certain form of body features. This characteristic form becomes strong because of marriages that tend to be in groups alone or isolated. Race is a collection of humans who have a number of characteristics that appear in a large percentage.<br />
Characteristics that are used as benchmarks for differentiation of a race are largely based on phenotypical characteristics consisting of qualitative characteristics (eg skin color, nose shape, and hair or hair,<br />
and eyes) and quantitative features (eg body weight and cephalicus index) that can be calculated using anthropometric methods. For some things, below are a few examples that discuss the shape of the nose, eyes and hair on the body.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-18670197978243603932019-11-11T09:16:00.001-08:002019-11-11T09:16:23.153-08:00Models for Changing Ethnic Identity<b>Ethnic identity as dynamic, liquid and situational</b><br />
This deterministic approach has been criticized as being too simplistic, because the process of changing ethnic identities in ethnic groups, in fact, circular, interactional and dynamic, involves conflicts within ethnic groups.<br />
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Models for Changing Ethnic Identity<br />
Basically, ethnic identity arises when two or more ethnic groups are related. In the past there have been various models of the nature and process of transforming ethnic identity, especially the acculturation model and the assimilation model that are sometimes exchanged. Assimilation tends to parallel the loss of ethnicity, while cultural pluralism tends to accentuate the continuity of ethnicity (Kim, 1988: 30).<br />
Assimilation refers to "the extent to which a group that was originally unique has lost its subjective identity and has been absorbed into the social structure of another group. Indeed, acculturation is a prerequisite, or at least along with assimilation because of how it is possible for a person to lose his distinctive feelings and be fully accepted by another group unless he is fluent in the language and culture of the recipient group.<br />
The concept of acculturation and the concept of assimilation originated from and developed in the United States. The difference between the two processes is that acculturation is a two-way process, whereas assimilation is a one-way process.<br />
Since the authoritative definition emerged, many experts put forward the definition of acculturation. Many definitions contain similar interpretations, namely that acculturation is a form of cultural change that results from contact of cultural groups, which emphasizes the acceptance of new patterns and cultures and the characteristics of indigenous communities by minority groups.<br />
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Ethnic Concepts (Ethnicity)<br />
In studying the relationship between ethnic groups, it can be done by looking at the cases that occur. Especially for ethnic groups who rarely experience conflict and survive the friction that occurs. The aim is to identify how they deal with any friction that occurs without conflict.<br />
According to Barth, (hasbullah, 2013: 26) ethnic groups can be called a cultural unit because ethnic groups have an important main characteristic, namely the ability to share the same cultural traits. And he assumes that each ethnic group has its own cultural characteristics.<br />
There are 2 main things that can be discussed in observing ethnic groups with the characteristics of this particular cultural unit, namely: the continuity of cultural units and the factors that influence the formation of these cultural units. There are several implications when viewing ethnic groups as cultural units, namely:<br />
The classification of certain individuals or groups is stated as members of a particular ethnic group depending on its ability to show the cultural nature of the ethnic group.<br />
Forms of culture that appear to show the influence of ecology, but that does not mean this shows that all that is only a form of adjustment to the environment solely.<br />
However, it is more correct to say that this cultural form is the result of adjustments by ethnic group members when dealing with various external factors. Such as when an ethnic group that lives scattered in an area that has a varied ecological environment, will show different behavior according to the area of residence, but does not reflect the orientation of different cultural values.<br />
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Politics of Identity<br />
This concept is explained by Gabriel Almond (Tri Yudha Handoko, 2009) at length and easy to understand, which is as follows. These tools, experiences, and influences, all of which shape the individual attitude, then create what is called someone's "identity politics", which is a combination of several feelings and attitudes:<br />
In the political system there are basic attitudes and beliefs such as nationalism, ethnic or class identification, ideological attachment, and a fundamental feeling of personal rights, privileges and obligations.<br />
There is a lack of emotional commitment to, and knowledge of, government and political institutions such as elections, the structure of the representative body, the powers of the executive, the structure of the judiciary; and legal system.<br />
There are more rapidly changing views about events, political policy, political issues and well-known political figures. Identity politics has indeed been understood and directed so far in terms of personal identity and collective identity such as identity which is built on the basis of gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion and nation.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-25771851583768805562019-11-11T09:15:00.001-08:002019-11-11T09:15:23.039-08:00Ethnic Understanding and Identity<b>Ethnic Understanding and Identity</b><br />
Ethnic Understanding - Identity, Approach, Model, Concept, Politics, Example, Experts: Ethnic or ethnic group or ethnic group is a group of people whose groups identify themselves with their fellow human beings,<br />
<br />
Ethnic Understanding<br />
Ethnic or ethnic group or also ethnic group is a group of people whose group identifies itself with each other, generally on the basis of lineage that is considered to be the same. Ethnic identity is characterized by recognition from others and the characteristics of the group itself, for example cultural similarity, religion, language, behavior, and biological characteristics.<br />
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Ethnic Definition is a collection of people (human subgroups) united by an awareness of the similarity of a particular culture or subculture, or because of racial, religious, national origin, even certain roles or functions. Because ethnicity is continuous with a culture. And culture is formed from a group of people who produce a culture that occurs from the habits of its members.<br />
In an international meeting of challenges in measuring the ethnic world in 1992, Ethnicity was a fundamental factor in human life.<br />
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Ethnic Understanding According to Experts<br />
This is a symptom that exists in human experience, although the definition is often easily changed. Others, for example anthropologists Fredrik Brath and Erik Wolf, have ethnicity responses as a result of interaction, and not the intrinsic nature of a group.<br />
The steps that can give birth to identification are ethnogenesis. On the whole, members of an ethnic group recognize the continuity of the culture of time, although historians and anthropologists have documented that many of the norms and values that are considered to show continuity with the past are basically relatively new findings.<br />
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Ethnic Examples<br />
The Following Are Examples Of Ethnicity.<br />
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Line of descent<br />
Members of a tribe are basically determined according to lineage (patrilineal), like the Batak tribe, according to the maternal lineage (matrilineal) like the Minang tribe or like the Javanese culture.<br />
There is also determined according to his religion, Malay designation in Malaysia for Muslim natives, while Serani people who are Christians (Portuguese peranakans like Tuguese), Muslim tribes in Bosnia and so on.<br />
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Mixed ethnic group<br />
There are also ethnic groups based on racial mixing, for example peranakans who are a mixture of Malay dance with Chinese, Indo people as a Caucasian mix with Malays, Mestis for Hispanic mix with bumiputra, Mulato mixed Negroid race with Caucasoid race, and others.<br />
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Ethnic Identity<br />
Ethnic Identity is that individuals have multiple identities related to specific roles. One of these identities is related to their ethnic background which is considered as their core. So ethnic identity is a characteristic possessed by a group of people who are considered as the core of themselves.<br />
Ethnic identity is actually a specific form of cultural identity. Ethnic identity can be seen as a collection of ideas about the ownership of ethnic group membership. This concerns several dimensions.<br />
<br />
Self identification<br />
Knowledge of ethnic culture (traditions, habits, values and behavior<br />
Feelings of belonging to certain ethnic groups.<br />
Approach to Change in Ethnic Identity<br />
There are several reasons why changes in a group's ethnic identity can occur, namely:<br />
<br />
Objective Approach (Social / Structural Psychology)<br />
Basic assumptions of natural science: There is order in social reality as well as in human behavior. Look for general laws by explaining which variables cause or correlate with other variables.<br />
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This approach tends to be ethnocentric<br />
Objectivity claims that cultural signs such as race are closely related, if not inseparable from ethnicity.<br />
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Subjective Approach (Phenomenology)<br />
The subjective view that ethnic identity emerges through cultural signs, they emphasize themselves, and also the feeling of identity associated with the group and its recognition by others.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7759694506761785267.post-14224886786343367132019-11-11T09:10:00.002-08:002019-11-11T09:10:39.990-08:00Diversity and Socio-Cultural Change<b>Diversity and Socio-Cultural Change</b><br />
In this matter talking about diversity we know that our country is so rich in a variety of languages, sukub and customs that are spread throughout the country. This is because so much diversity we have. So for this time on this occasion we will try to review the diversity and changes in the socio-cultural environment, now for more details, just refer to the description below.<br />
<br />
Diversity and Socio-Cultural Change<br />
Relationship of Diversity and Socio-Cultural Change<br />
In implementing national development, the government must consider the importance of social costs associated with losses incurred from such development. But sometimes, sometimes these social effects have not received serious attention, what usually happens is the construction of physical advice without being accompanied by the mental development of the surrounding community. As a result, it will cause a lot of shock to the surrounding community.<br />
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There are three steps in carrying out social development, including:<br />
By understanding the objective conditions in which development is carried out.<br />
And social development that is inclusive and universalistic in its reach.<br />
In universalistic social development, paying attention to locality and region is fundamentally, holistic, cross-sectoral, cross-disciplinary and cross-regional.<br />
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Tolerance and Social Empathy<br />
Tolerance and empathy can be developed through educational institutions. Which in education emphasizes plurality and multiculturalism which is our socio-cultural capital that cannot be ignored.<br />
The main focus in education lies in understanding and trying to live in the context of differences, both individually and in groups without having to be trapped by the narrow values of cultural primordialism.<br />
In a law it is stressed that "the government promotes national culture" which in the explanation of article 32 states the culture of the nation that is culture that arises as a whole people's effort.<br />
Efforts to develop culture must lead to the advancement of customs, culture and unity by not rejecting the new material from the culture itself and enhancing the humanity of the Indonesian people.<br />
According to Koentjaraningrat, regional culture or ethnicity can be used as a source and appointed as a national culture if it has two conditions, namely:<br />
<br />
Quality / High Quality<br />
High quality / high quality cultural elements become a national culture in the form of ideas, activities and the work of high-cut human beings.<br />
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Characteristic / specific<br />
The elements that are specific / specific are the elements that have the most characteristics or are different from other cultures and nations.<br />
Thus the discussion on Diversity and Socio Cultural Change hopefully with this review can add insight and knowledge of you all, thank you very much for your visit<br />
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Diversity Based on Race and its Descriptions<br />
This time we will try to review the diversity of "social differentiation" in Indonesia based on differences in race elements. Naturally, every human being must have different physical conditions, the difference is seen in differences in skin color, head shape, facial index, hair color and other physical differences.<br />
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Diversity Based on Race and its Descriptions<br />
Definition of Diversity Based on Race<br />
Race is a group of humans with certain body characteristics in a large frequency. Race is something that is reviewed biologically, not socio-culturally. So the notion of race involves the characteristics of a person, which is, in general, the classification of races is based on biological or physical characteristics.<br />
In general, people in this world are divided into three main racial groups. The three main racial groups are the Mongoloid, Caucasoid and Negroid races. Broadly speaking, physical signs that are used to classify races include body shape, head shape, face shape, lower jaw bone shape, nose shape, skin color, eye color, hair color and hair shape.<br />
In this case, of the three racial groups above, there are two groups that live in contact, influence and interact with one another in the life of society, nation and state, namely Mongoloid Malay and Papua Melanesoid.<br />
Kelompok ras Melayu Mongoloid umumnya hidup di Pulau Sumatera, Pulau Jawa dan Madura, Pulau Sulawesi dan kepulauan di sekitarnya. Adapun kelompok ras Papua Melanesoid umumnya hidup di Pulau Irian “Papua” dan pulau-pulau sekitarnya.<br />
And meanwhile, the Negrito and Weddoid racial groups are our brothers who still live in isolation in the interior. They still find it difficult to blend in with their brothers and sisters from other racial / ethnic groups who have experienced progress and integrated with each other first.<br />
In addition to the four racial groups, Indonesian society is enriched with other racial groups namely Chinese descent "including Mongoloid race" and groups of Arab, Pakistani, Indian descent and so on "including Caucasoid races". They belong to a group of immigrant races outside the original or indigenous occupation race, as discussed above race is a biological conception based on physical features and not a cultural conception.<br />
Thus, the notion of race does not run parallel with the notion of culture, in other words, racial differences do not determine differences in language, customs, let alone religion. For example, the Malay Mengoloid racial group as found in the Balinese and Javanese, both of which have different languages, customs and religions, even though they belong to the same race. The languages used by tribes in Indonesia include one family, the Austronesian language family.<br />
In the social context of society, differences in physical properties between one group and another do not provide an understanding of superiority, which means that no group based on certain physical characteristics is considered to be more special or superior compared to other groups. For the people of Indonesia do not adhere to racialism, which is an understanding that certain racial groups have higher status compared to other racial groups.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.com